What term describes a substance that allows light to pass through with minimal disruption?

The term that describes a substance allowing light to pass through with minimal disruption is transparent. A transparent material, such as clear glass or clean water, allows light to travel through it without scattering, enabling clear visibility of objects behind it. This characteristic makes transparent materials ideal for applications where unobstructed transmission of light is essential, such as in lenses and optical devices.

Opaque materials, on the other hand, do not allow light to pass through at all, which means they are not suitable for applications requiring light transmission. Reflective materials primarily bounce light off their surfaces without transmitting it, while translucent materials allow some light to pass through but scatter it, resulting in a blurred image rather than clear visibility. Thus, transparent is the correct answer as it specifically denotes a material that permits clear passage of light.