What causes Trachoma?

Trachoma is primarily caused by an infection with the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. This organism is a type of bacteria that can lead to inflammation of the conjunctiva and the cornea, ultimately resulting in scarring and potential blindness if left untreated. Trachoma is transmitted through direct contact with infected individuals or through contaminated materials, such as towels or clothing. It is prevalent in areas with poor sanitation and limited access to clean water, which also contributes to its spread.

The disease is characterized by the development of follicles on the inner surface of the eyelid and can lead to more severe complications like trichiasis, where eyelashes turn inward and scratch the eye. Effective treatments include antibiotics, which can eliminate the infection, and surgical interventions to correct abnormalities caused by the disease. Understanding that Chlamydia trachomatis is the causative agent helps in identifying effective prevention and treatment strategies for this preventable cause of blindness globally.